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朗阁讲师解析托福写作中常犯的错误

时间:2013-06-04 14:00来源:朗阁小编作者:Judy

       一、指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清,或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句:
  Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid。
  (玛丽和我姐姐很要好,因为她要她做她的伴娘。)读完上面这一句话,读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚,谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确,意思就   一目了然了。这个句子可改为:
  Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid。
  例1. And we can also know the society by serving it yourself。
  剖析:句中人称代词we 和反身代词yourself指代不一致。
  改为:
  We can also know society by serving it ourselves。  
       二、不间断句子(Run-on Sentences)什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的例句。
  例1. There are many ways we get to know the outside world。
  剖析:这个句子包含了两层完整的意思:“There are many ways。” 以及“We get to know the outside world。”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。
  改为:
  There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或:
  There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world。
       三、措词毛病(Troubles in Diction)Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题,囿于教学时间紧迫,教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限,影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲,斟酌的习惯。他们往往随心所欲,拿来就用。所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。
  例1. The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution。
  (农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。)剖析:显然,考生把obstacles“障碍”,“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasing use (不断增加的使用)” 应改为“abusive use (滥用)”。
  改为:
  The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution。
       四、累赘(Redundancy)言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词;写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组;能用词组的不用从句或句子。如:
  In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him。
  本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同谓语从句,我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”
  可以改为:In spite of his laziness, I like him。
  例1. For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need。
  剖析:整个句子可以大大简化。
  改为:
  Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need。
       五、不连贯(Incoherence)不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语,或是结构上不畅通。这也是考生常犯的毛病。
  例1. The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth。
  剖析:The fresh water 与逗号后的it 不连贯。It 与things 在数方面不一致。
  改为:
  Fresh water is the most important thing in the world。

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