2020年9月17日雅思阅读考题回顾

　　今天南京朗阁小编带大家一起回顾一下2020年9月17日雅思阅读考题，在备考的同学可以一起学习一下哦，祝大家都可以取得好成绩。

　　P1 洪水利用DIRTY RIVER BUT CLEAN WATER

　　P2 应对饥荒FOOD FOR THOUGHT

　　P3 公司创新COMPANY INNOVATION

　　朗阁名师徐航点评

　　1. 本次考试的难度总体中等，本月连续三场考察单选和多选。如上场考试预测，再次出现固定题型搭配的出法。第一篇的判断+填空模式延续。文章的话题和题型搭配也是在剑桥真题中都有迹可循，所以真题吃透非常必要。

　　2. 整体分析：社会科学类(P1)、社会热点问题类(P2)、商业管理类(P3)。

　　本次考试的第一篇文章重复2012年8月25日雅思考试的原篇，第三篇是重复2018年4月21日雅思考试原篇。P1是常规的填空+判断篇章，两种顺序题型搭配出现，加上话题难度和题目难度不大，应该是容易得分的篇章。P2是当今全球热点问题，非洲儿童的饥荒。类难度中等。题型上也延续19年的出题特点，出现配对题，考察定位速度和准确度。主要题型搭配是heading+填空+多选。P3出现段落细节配对，主要是段落细节配对+判断+单选。单选易丢分，且在最后一个题型，得分受速度影响大。

　　3. 部分答案及参考文章：

　　Passage 1：洪水利用DIRTY RIVER BUT CLEAN WATER

　　题型：判断+填空

　　技巧分析： 判断出现在第一篇是最近考试常态，本次依然是常见判断+填空的组合，填空题考察摘要。题型内部都有顺序性，两个题型之间可能按顺序出题或者穿插出题。第一篇应该控制在15-18分钟之内完成。

　　参考原文：

　　洪水利用DIRTY RIVER BUT CLEAN WATER

　　Floods can occur in rivers when the flow rate exceeds the capacity of the river channel, particularly at bends or meanders in the waterway. Floods often cause damage to homes and businesses if they are in the natural flood plains of rivers. While riverine flood damage can be eliminated by moving away from rivers and other bodies of water, people have traditionally lived and worked by rivers because the land is usually flat and fertile and because rivers provide easy travel and access to commerce and industry.

　　A Fire and flood are two of humanity’s worst nightmares. People have,therefore,always sought to control them. Forest fires are snuffed out quickly. The flow of rivers is regulated by weirs and dams. At least, that is how it used to be. But foresters have learned that forests need fires to clear out the brash and even to get seeds to germinate. And a similar revelation is now – dawning on hydrologists. Rivers – and the ecosystems they support – need floods. That is why a man-made torrent has been surging down the Grand Canyon. By Thursday March 6th it was running at full throttle, which was expected to be sustained for 60 hours.

　　B Floods once raged through the canyon every year. Spring Snow from as far away as Wyoming would melt and swell the Colorado river to a flow that averaged around 1,500 cubic metres (50,000 cubic feet) a second. Every eight years or so, that figure rose to almost 3,000 cubic metres. These floods infused the river with sediment, carved its beaches and built its sandbars.

　　C However, in the four decades since the building of the Glen Canyon dam, just upstream of the Grand Canyon, the only sediment that it has collected has come from tiny, undammed tributaries. Even that has not been much use as those tributaries are not powerful enough to distribute the sediment in an ecologically valuable way.

　　D This lack of flooding has harmed local wildlife. The humpback chub,for example, thrived in the rust-redwaters of the Colorado. Recently, though, its population has crashed. At first sight, it looked as if the reason was that the chub were being eaten by trout introduced for sport fishing in the mid-20th century. But trout and chub co-existed until the Glen Canyon dam was built, so something else is going on. Steve Gloss, of the United States’ Geological Survey (USGS), reckons that the chub’s decline is the result of their losing their most valuable natural defense, the Colorado’s rusty sediment. The chub were well adapted to the poor visibility created by the thick, red water which gave the river its name, and depended on it to hide from predators. Without the cloudy water the chub became vulnerable.

　　E And the chub are not alone. In the years since the Glen Canyon dam was built, several species have vanished altogether. These include the Colorado pike-minnow, the razorback sucker and the round-tail chub. Meanwhile, aliens including fathead minnows, channel catfish and common carp, which would have been hard, put to survive in the savage waters of the undammed canyon, have move din.

　　F So flooding is the obvious answer. Unfortunately, it is easier said than done. Floods were sent down the Grand Canyon in 1996 and 2004 and the results were mixed. In 1996 the flood was allowed to go on too long. To start with,all seemed well. The floodwaters built up sandbanks and infused the river with sediment. Eventually, however, the continued flow washed most of the sediment out of the canyon. This problem was avoided in 2004, but unfortunately, on that occasion, the volume of sand available behind the dam was too low to rebuild the sandbanks. This time, the USGS is convinced that things will be better. The amount of sediment available is three times greater than it was in 2004. So if a flood is going to do some good, this is the time to unleash one.

　　G Even so, it may turn out to be an empty gesture. At less than 1,200 cubic metres a second, this flood is smaller than even an average spring flood, let alone one of the mightier deluges of the past. Those glorious inundations moved massive quantities of sediment through the Grand Canyon,wiping the slate dirty, and making a muddy mess of silt and muck that would make modern river rafters cringe.

　　Questions 1-7

　　Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage?

　　1 Damage caused by fire is worse than that caused by flood.

　　2 The flood peaks at almost 1500 cubic meters every eight years.

　　3 Contribution of sediments delivered by tributaries has little impact.

　　4 Decreasing number of chubs is always caused by introducing of trout since mid 20th century.

　　5 It seemed that the artificial flood in 1996 had achieved success partly at the very beginning.

　　6 In fact, the yield of artificial flood water is smaller than an average natural flood at present.

　　7 Mighty floods drove fast moving flows with clean and high quality water.

　　Questions 8-13

　　Complete the summary below.

　　Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

　　Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.

　　The eco-impact of the Canyon Dam

　　Floods are people’s nightmare. In the past, canyon was raged by flood every year. The snow from far Wyoming would melt in the season of 8 and caused a flood flow peak in Colorado river. In the four decades after people built the Glen Canyon dam, it only could gather 9 together from tiny, undammed tributaries.Humpback chub population on reduced, why?Then, several species disappeared including Colorado pike-minnow, 10 and the round-tail chub. Meanwhile, some moved in such as fathead minnows, channel catfish and 11 The non-stopped flow leaded to the washing away of the sediment out of the canyon, which poses great threat to the chubs because it has poor 12 away from predators. In addition, the volume of 13 available behind the dam was too low to rebuild the bars and flooding became more serious.

　　Passage 2：应对饥荒FOOD FOR THOUGHT

　　题型：heading+填空+多选

　　技巧分析：第二篇难度中等，本月前两场考试都未出现heading题，在本次考试出现也不意外。建议考生在遇到heading题时，注意段落结构的基本确定，主题句的寻找，以及选项的对应技巧。同时，需要练习在限定时间内合理安排另外2个题型，可以尝试用heading题解题覆盖其他题型，效率较高。考生特别需要注意多选题的范围，如果是局部段落定位，可以独立完成。如果是全篇定位，需要带入其他题型共同解题。

　　参考原文：

　　There are moments in life when you miss someone so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them for real!

　　When the door of happiness closes,another opens,but often times we look as long at the closed door that we don't see the one which has been opend for us.

　　Don't go for looks, they can deceive. Don't go for wealth,even tah fades aways. Go for someone who makes you smile because it takes only a smile to make a dark day seem bright. Find the one that makes your heart smile.

　　Dream what you want to dream; go where you want to go; be what you want to be, because you have only one life and one chance to do all the things you want to do.

　　May you have enough happiness to make you sweet, engout trails to make you strong, enough sorrow to keep you human, enough hope to make you happy.

　　The happiest of people don't necessarily have the best of everthing, they just make the most of everything that comes along their way.

　　Love begins with a smile, grows with a kiss and ends with a tear.

　　The brightest future will always be based on a forgotten past, you can't go on well in life until you let go of your past failures and heartaches.

　　When you were born, you were crying and everyone around you was smiling. Live your life so that you die, you're the one who is smiling and everyone around you is crying.

　　Passage 3：创新对公司的影响 Company Innovation

　　题型：段落细节配对6+判断3+单选3

　　技巧分析：单选在第三篇再次出现，考生可以在剑桥中加强练习，这是9月连续第三次在第三篇出现单选。本篇的话题不难，属于常见管理类话题，考生也比较熟悉。主要的难点在段落细节配对题，最后的判断题和单选题都不难，注意留足时间。单选题三题都是提问有关人物观点的问题，备考注意把握人物观点的理解和对应关系。

　　参考原文：

　　A

　　IN A scruffy office in midtown Manhattan，a team of 30 artificial-intelligence programmers is trying to simulate the brains of an eminent sexologist, a well-known dietician, a celebrity fitness trainer and several other experts. Umagic Systems is a young firm, setting up websites that will allow clients to consult the virtual versions of these personalities. Subscribers will feed in details about themselves and their goals; Umagic’s software will come up with the advice that the star expert would give. Although few people have lost money betting on the neuroses of the American consumer, Umagic’s prospects are hard to gauge (in ten years’ time, consulting a computer about your sex life might seem natural, or it might seem absurd). But the company and others like it are beginning to spook large American firms, because they see such half-barmy “innovative” ideas as the key to their own future success.

　　B

　　Innovation has become the buzz-word of American management. Firms have found that most of the things that can be outsourced or re-engineered have been (worryingly, by their competitors as well). The stars of American business tend today to be innovators such as Dell, Amazon and Wal-Mart, which have produced ideas or products that have changed their industries.

　　C

　　A new book by two consultants from Arthur D.Little records that, over the past 15 years, the top 20% of firms in an annual innovation poll by Fortune magazine have achieved double the shareholder returns of their peers. Much of today’s merger boom is driven by a desperate search for new ideas. So is the fortune now spent on licensing and buying others’ intellectual property. According to the Pasadena-based Patent & Licence Exchange，, trading in intangible assets in the United States has risen from $15 billion in 1990 to $100 billion in 1998, with an increasing proportion of the rewards going to small firms and individuals.

　　D

　　And therein lies the terror for big companies: that innovation seems to work best outside them. Several big established “ideas factories”, including 3M，Procter & Gamble and Rubbermaid, have had dry spells recently. Gillette spent ten years and $1 billion developing its new Mach 3 razor; it took a British supermarket only a year or so to produce a reasonable imitation. “In the management of creativity, size is your enemy,” argues Peter Chernin, ，who runs the Fox TV and film empire for News Corporation. One person managing 20 movies is never going to be as involved as one doing five movies. He has thus tried to break down the studio into smaller units—even at the risk of incurring higher costs.

　　E

　　It is easier for ideas to thrive outside big firms these days. In the past, if a clever scientist had an idea he wanted to commercialise, he would take it first to a big company. Now, with plenty of cheap venture capital, he is more likely to set up on his own. Umagic has already raised $5m and is about to raise $25m more. Even in capital-intensive businesses such as pharmaceuticals, entrepreneurs can conduct early-stage research, selling out to the big firms when they reach expensive, risky clinical trials. Around a third of drug firms’ total revenue now comes from licensed-in technology.

　　F

　　Some giants, including General Electric and Cisco, have been remarkably successful at snapping up and integrating scores of small companies. But many others worry about the prices they have to pay and the difficulty in hanging on to the talent that dreamt up the idea. Everybody would like to develop more ideas in-house. Procter & Gamble is now shifting its entire business focus from countries to products; one aim is to get innovations accepted across the company. Elsewhere, the search for innovation has led to a craze for “intrapreneurship” 一devolving power and setting up internal ideas-factories and tracking stocks so that talented staff will not leave.

　　G

　　Some people think that such restructuring is not enough. ln a new book Clayton Christensen argues that many things which established firms do well, such as looking after their current customers, can hinder the sort of innovative behaviour needed to deal with disruptive technologies. Hence the fashion for cannibalisation—setting up businesses that will actually fight your existing ones. Bank One, for instance, has established Wingspan, an Internet bank that competes with its real branches (see article). Jack Welch’s Internet initiative at General Electric is called “Destroyyourbusiness.com” .

　　H

　　At Kimberly-Clark, Mr Sanders had to discredit the view that jobs working on new products were for “those who couldn’t hack it in the real business.” He has tried to change the culture not just by preaching fuzzy concepts but also by introducing hard incentives, such as increasing the rewards for those who come up with successful new ideas and, particularly, not punishing those whose experiments fail. The genesis of one of the firm’s current hits, Depend, a more dignified incontinence garment, lay in a previous miss, Kotex Personals, a form of disposable underwear for menstruating women.

　　I

　　Will all this creative destruction, cannibalisation and culture tweaking make big firms more creative? David Post, the founder of Umagic, is sceptical: “The only successful intrapreneurs are ones who leave and become entrepreneurs.” He also recalls with glee the looks of total incomprehension when he tried to hawk his “virtual experts” idea three years ago to the idea labs of firms such as IBM—though, as he cheerfully adds, “of course, they could have been right.” Innovation—unlike, apparently, sex, parenting and fitness—is one area where a computer cannot tell you what to do.

　　Questions 28-33

　　The reading Passage has ten paragraphs A-l.

　　Which paragraph contains the following information?

　　Write the correct letter A-l, in boxes 28-33 on your answer sheet.

　　NB You may use any letter more than once.

　　28 Approach to retain best employees

　　29 Safeguarding expenses on innovative idea

　　30 New idea might be proved wrong

　　31 Example of three famous American companies’ innovation

　　32 Example of one company change its concentration

　　33 Example of a company resolving financial difficulties itself

　　Questions 34-37

　　Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3? In boxes 34-37 on your answer sheet, write

　　TRUE if the statement is true

　　FALSE if the statement is false

　　NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage

　　34 Umagic is a new representative of innovative small company.

　　35 Amazon and Wal-Mart exchanged their innovation experience.

　　36 New idea holder has already been known to take it to small company in the past.

　　37 IBM failed to understand Umagic’s proposal of one new idea.

　　Questions 38-40

　　Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

　　Write your answers in boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet.

　　38 What is author’s opinion on the effect of innovation to companies in paragraph C?

　　A It only works for big companies.

　　B Fortune magazine has huge influence globally.

　　C It is getting more important.

　　D Effect on American companies is more evident.

　　39 What is Peter Chernit’s point of view on innovation?

　　A Small company is more innovative than big one.

　　B Film industry need more innovation than other industries.

　　C We need to cut the cost when risks occur.

　　D New ideas are more likely going to big companies.

　　40 What is author’s opinion on innovation at the end of this passage?

　　A Umagic success lies on the accidental “virtual experts”.

　　B Innovation is easy and straightforward.

　　C IBM sets a good example on innovation.

　　D The author’s attitude is uncertain on innovation.

　　考试预测

　　1. 本场考试整体难度中等，题型不难，话题整体不难看懂，相比9月前2场考试，本场取得高分的难度会低一些。本次出现heading题体现雅思阅读对考生掌握各种高频题型的全面性的要求，本场考试配对题不多，类型上也只出现了段落细节配对，下场考试除了常规的填空，判断，选择题之外，要重点预警人名观点配对和段落细节陪读题，注意人名观点配对人名的迅速定位和替换，保证得分，同时注意heading题文章段落主旨句的提取和略读技巧，学会在heading解题中覆盖其他题型提高效率。单选和多选在今年下半年考试中主力地位上升2. 下场考试的话题可能有关社会类，管理类和自然科学类。

　　3. 重点浏览2015和2018年机经。