怎么快速找到雅思阅读信号词？

怎么快速找到雅思阅读信号词？

转折信号词

转折信号词的作用是否定前项肯定后项，使前后两句话的方向或意思相反。表示转折关系的信号词有：but，yet，however，whereas，in fact，on the contrary，conversely, on the other hand等。

公式: A (正/负)， but B (负/正)

应用: 在阅读前半句时就可以预测后半句的大意，使接下来的阅读过程变成求证，如同把文

章读了两遍。另外，在有生词的情况下，只要理解了半句话的意思，就可以推测另一半句子的含义。

例如1：The second flaw in the reasoning of the WZCS ( The World Zoo Conservation Strategy )document is the naive faith it places in its 1,000 core zoos. One would assume that the caliber of these institutions would have been carefully examined, but it appears that the criterion for inclusion on this select list might merely be that the zoo is a member of a zoo federation or association. This might be a good starting point, working on the premise that members must meet certain standards, but again the facts don't support the theory.

题目 Zoos in the WZCS select list were carefully inspected.(判断题)

例如2：

The Aborigines made no use of Leptospermum or Dodonaea as food plants, yet the early settlers found that one could be used as a substitute for tea and the other for hops.

例如3：

From the mid-1960s when 'the Green revolution began, Asian food production doubled through a combination of high-yielding crops, expanded farming area and greater intensification. However,a mysterious threat is emerging in the noticeably declining yields of rice.

让步信号词

让步信号词的作用与转折信号词相同，让前后两句话的方向或意思相反。表示让步关系的信号词有：though，although，while，albeit，despite，in spite of，nevertheless，nonetheless等。

公式： although A (正/负)， B (负/正)

应用 让步信号词具有同转折信号词相同的用法，可在阅读的过程中根据前半句的方向或意

思判断后半句的方向或意思。

例如1：Although the world regards Asia as the focus of an economic and industrial miracle，without adequate supplies of food，chaos could easily result.

分析 前半句是正面积极的意思，后半句话峰一转，表述负面消极的意思。

例如2：While ducks offer many advantages over hens, they must be given greater quantity of food.

分析 while是个含义丰富的连词，它在雅思阅读中 常见的意思是a，though”尽管，虽然”。前半句说鸭子的好处，后半句说坏处。试分析下列句子的前后方向：

1. While some students are able to supplement their funds with money from part-time or vacation work, such work is not always regular even when available.

2. For many previously inexperienced young women, the opportunity to gain financial independence, albeit limited and possibly temporary, has helped break down some of the taboos of their societies.

3. Despite the importance of tomorrow's test, Hans still decided to begin to study next morning.

4. This year's fall in profits was not unexpected. Nevertheless, it is very disappointing.

并列信号词

阅读中碰到复杂的大并列时，先看连词后面的内容。如果连词后面是动词，回上文找并列的动词;如果是形容词，就回上文找形容词性的并列成分，包括_ing分词和_ed分词。表示并列关系的信号词有：and，or，as well as，either----or; neither ---nor; not only---but also; rather than 等。

例1：The modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of narrow, dark streets full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxicabs lorries and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds.

例2：Many people stay at jobs they are too old for rather than meet possible rejection.

分析 rather than 的后项是动词meet，因此并列的前项也是动词，即stay.

特殊关键词

特殊关键词(人名、地名、时间、数字和生词)是 好的定位标志，多以AA的形式重现。

比较信号词

比较分为类比和对比两种。做题时要理解比较的双方(谁同谁比较)、比较点(比较什么)和比较的方向(结果怎么样)。

类比_______比较相同点，信号词有as…as，like，similar，parallel等。

1. These two detectives are as jealous as a pair of professional models.

2. Like his father President Bush is a republican.

3. Scribner and Cole regard classroom learning as parallel to learning in daily life.

对比_______比较不同点，信号词有more than, unlike, on the other hand, in contrast with 等。

1. It is far easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God.

2. Unlike the minerals and oil used to make plastics and metals, trees are replaceable.

3. In contrast with your belief that we will fail, I am confident we will succeed.

另外，还可通过时间或地点的差异造成强对比。

1. Between11 and l5 million salmon once spawned in the Columbia river system.Now there are only 3 million，

分析 两个时间副词体现出大马哈鱼现在和过去产卵情况大相径庭(时间对比)。如果这里有判断题The number of salmon in the Colombia river system has dropped dramatically.答案应选那一个?(True/False/Not Given)

2. Those Aborigines living in the dry inland areas were largely dependent for their vegetable foods on seed such as those of grasses, acacias and eucalypts. They ground these seeds between flat stones to make coarse flour. Tribes on the coast, and particularly in the vicinity of coastal rainforests, had a more varied vegetable diet with a higher proportion of fruits and tubers.

分析 既然内陆(dry inland area)土著人的蔬菜主要由植物种子构成，那么与之构成地点强烈对比的海岸地区(coast)土著人的蔬菜品种肯定不止于此。接下来的精读不过是求证的过程。

试分析下列句子中比较的双方、比较点和比较的方向：

1. As a general rule, international students should expect to spend at 1east as much on monthly living expenses during the summer as they do during the academic year.

2. "The extra money that tourism brings in more than makes up for the inconvenience of its citizens," said the chairman.

举例信号词

举例信号词是对上文的解释说明，信号词前后的内容意思相同。可用做举例的信号词有：for example，for instance，like，such as等。英语里的破折号和冒号也有相同的作用。

1. In general, those Aborigines living in the dry inland areas were largely dependent for their vegetable foods on seed such as those of grasses, acacias and eucalypts.

2. When the car comes to a river, it turns amphibious two hydrojets power it along by

blasting water under its body.

因果信号词

大因果——表示原因或结果的成分都是句子的，叫大因果。

表示原因的信号词：because，in that，as，since 等。

1. I am in a slightly awkward position, in that my secretary is on holiday at the moment.

2. There are occasions when giving a gift surpasses spoken communication, since the message it offers can cut through barriers of language and cultural diversity.

表示结果的信号词: so (that), therefore, thus, hence, as a result, consequently 等。

1. The first of the new freedoms is in design. Powerful computer-aided design (CAD) systems can replace with a click of a computer mouse hours of laborious work done on thousands of drawing boards. So new products, no matter how complicated, can be developed much faster. For the first time, Boeing will not have to build a giant replica of its new airliner, the 777, to make sure all the bits fit together. Its CAD system will take care of that.

2. In a five-year period between 1983 and 1988 the community's female workforce grew by almost six million. As a result, 51% of all women aged 14 to 64 are now economically active in the labour market compared with 78% of men.

小因果——表示原因或结果的成分都是动词(词组)或介词(词组)的，叫小因果。

1. Increased air temperature has brought about higher sea levels.

分析 本句的意思是气温的增加导致海平面上升。bring about在这里表示前因后果关系，即“因为气温增加所以海平面上升”。

2. Necessity led to experimentation.

分析 需要导致实践，需要和实践之间是因果关系。

需要注意的是，thus等小词有时也可构成小因果关系。例如：As our roads become more dangerous, more parents drive their children to more places, thus contributing to increased levels of danger for the remaining pedestrians.

试理解下列句子中的因果关系：

1.One of London Zoo's recent advertisements caused me great irritation.

2. The high cost of oil poses serious problems for industry.

3. The advertising campaign has contributed significantly to the success of the new car.

4. His illness resulted from eating contaminated food.

5. Cutting the hefty subsidies that go to the world's coal producers would help tilt the world's energy balance towards natural gas.

6. His success can be attributed to hard working.

7. The border incident precipitated the two countries into war.

8. I think a lack of confidence underlies his aggressive manner.

9. A higher price greatly affected demand for electricity.

10. Governments could take advantage of today's low oil prices to build up their own stocks.

11. Population aging is mainly due to a decline in fertility.

12. Elderly women outnumber elderly men because of gains in female longevity.

分析 除去第4，6，11, 12句，其余句子都是前因后果。

当然，除了上述7种信号词之外，各段首句也能传递很多信息，需引起注意。

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