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朗阁海外考试研究中心
在雅思大作文写作的四个评分标准中，词汇资源以及语法多样性和准确性这两项评分标准相对前两项（任务的回应和连贯与衔接）而言，似乎要简单得多。但是在实际操作中却发现，任务的回应和连贯与衔接这两项，比如说，文章的内容、结构、思路和连贯等方面，大部分考生只能拿到5-5.5的基本分，若想将分数往6以上提，就需要对词汇和语法这两方面加以足够的重视。朗阁海外考试研究中心的将通过这篇文章，为众烤鸭们谈论和分析一下第四个评分标准中 为重要的一部分——句型。
在正确的句法基础上，好句型的标准是：句型多样化。也就是说，考生在写作时，应该交替使用各种句型，包括短句、长句以及简单句、复合句（也就是各类名词性、形容词性和副词性从句）、并列句。
但是，很多考生在实际操作中在这一方面比较欠缺。典型的表现是： 1. 短句多，如：I like reading novels. They often tell me interesting and moving stories. Some stories are also instructive. They describe good and evil people. They describe the bright side and the dark side of life. They help me distinguish between right and wrong. 类似于这样的文章，即使没有语法错误，要拿6分也很困难。我们可以根据这些句子的内部联系，将其改为：I like reading novels because they tell interesting and moving stories. Moreover, some stories are instructive. By describing good and evil people, and the bright side and the dark side of life, such stories help me to distinguish between right and wrong. 2. 过度追求复杂句，有些烤鸭们深知复杂句能帮助提升分数，于是便想尽一切办法使用复杂句，尤其是定语从句，如：Nowadays, more and more parents pay more attention to their children’s education, which is to pursue academic achievement. 但是，过度的追求使用复杂句只会导致句子表达奇怪，甚至晦涩，读不懂的严重后果。
在雅思写作评分标准语法多样性和准确性中，对于6-7分的要求中明确写到：“综合使用简单句式和复杂句式”；“运用各种复杂的语法结构”。在议论文中，引言段和body段的大部分支持句应该使用复杂句型，而一般表明自己态度观点和主题句时，则使用简单明了的句子为佳，因为短句往往表达内容加明了，有强调的作用。
一、简单句
简单句只包含一个主谓结构，句子的各个成分都是由单词或短语构成。简单句一般比较简单，比较短。但是，这并不是简单句的本质特征，有些简单句也很长，很复杂。
简单的简单句相信大家都会，在这里，给大家介绍几种比较推荐在雅思写作中运用的复杂的简单句：
分词有两种形式：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表主动或正在进行；过去分词表被动或已经完成。
Living far from home, one would suffer from loneliness and homesickness. 离家生活，人们遭受孤独和思乡之苦。
Prompted by the great leap of science and technology, work today is more demanding than it used to be. 受到科技进步的促使，现在的工作比过去要求高。
A country only depending on its tradition will never become a powerful nation. 一个只依赖自己传统的国家将永远不能成为一个强大的国家。
The commodities and services advertised by super stars tend to enjoy higher sales than those not advertised. 由明星代言的产品和服务比没有广告的销售量高。
With the limited budget, the government is unable to invest much money in art projects. 预算很有限，政府不能投资很多钱在艺术项目上。
Formal examinations put great stress on students, generate an unhealthy spirit of jealousy and competition, and even bring about psychological problems. 考试给学生带来很大压力，产生不良的嫉妒和竞争感，甚至带来心理问题。
二、从句
名词性从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。
What引导： What we emphasize is that formal examination is harmful to students' creativity. 我们强调的是考试对学生的创造力有害。
That引导（通常用it作形式主语）： It’s imperative that the government should be effectively involved in the comprehensive management of both public and private schools. 政府有必要有效地参与到公立和私立学校的管理中来。
How/whether等疑问词引导（也可用it作形式主语） Whether young people should study abroad should be left to individuals to judge. 年轻人是否应该出国留学，这应该留给个人去判断。
Another defect is that some students may be indulged in making money and unwilling to return to classroom anymore. 另一个弊端是有些学生沉迷于赚钱，再不愿意返回课堂学习了。
The great contribution of public school is that poor students have easier access to receive education. 公立学校的巨大贡献是使贫困学生有了容易获得教育的途径。
What引导： They want to imitate what they see. 他们想要模仿他们看到的东西。
That引导： Other people hold that eradication of ancient buildings is the natural process of urban development. 其他人认为拆除古老建筑是城市发展的自然进程。
Prejudice against women violates the fundamental principle that all people are created on equal terms. 对妇女的偏见违反了人生来都是平等的基本原则。
Many jobs, such as consulting which calls for more experience and wisdom than physical power, cater for old people. 许多工作要求多的经验和智慧，比如咨询方面的工作比较适合老年人。
Nowadays, more and more people agree that smoking is an unwholesome hobby, which is equivalent to committing suicide. 现在越来越多的人同意吸烟是一个不健康的爱好，它等同于自杀。
状语从句种类繁多，包括时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、比较、让步等。在此不一一举例。
Provided that there existed no commercial advertisement in our life, there would be much inconvenience for us. 如果我们生活中没有商业广告，我们会有很多不便。
三、插入语
经常可做插入语的表达包括：therefore, however, in the long run, to some extent, as..., for example, etc.
Students who have part-time jobs can relieve, to some extent, the economic burdens of their parents. 做兼职的学生在某种程度上能减轻他们父母的经济负担。
四、倒装句
Only in this way can the problem be solved successfully. 只有通过这种方法才能成功解决问题。
当然，如果考生有兴趣，也可以研究英文的修辞手法的运用。预祝广大考生考出写作。
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