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朗阁海外考试研究中心
细心的烤鸭不难发现，在雅思听力试题卷面上时常会出现连续多个小黑点或者小破折号，这些看似简单的小符号却是听力解题的利器，它就是听力中的一个重要考点——并列结构。朗阁海外考试研究中心的通过对历年真题的研究发现雅思听力中的并列结构往往具备内容或句子结构的相似性，借助这个特点，考生们可以加准确地定位答案。
并列结构的常见形式 并列结构的形式一般比较固定， 简单的就是填空题中空格的前后用and连接的短语或句子，如剑7, Test4, Section4, Q35-Q36 Glutamate is found in foods that contain protein such as 35 and 36 . 另外便是表格题中经常看到的带有小黑点或小破折号的结构，如剑5, Test2, Section3, Q25-Q26
- learning about 25 - compromising - 26 people who have different views 后则是烤鸭们不太熟悉的由多个逗号连接的句子，如剑8, Test1, Section4, Q39 b) aerial photos - can show vegetation problems, 39 density, ocean floor etc.
并列结构的实际应用 根据听力试题卷面上的并列结构，烤鸭们在定位关键词的同时也要留意音频中的并列信号词，这样可以加准确地定位答案，常见的并列词有and, or, also, as well as, another等。另外，根据听力的不同题型，烤鸭们在实际解题过程中应当注意并列结构的灵活应用。
一、填空题中的并列结构
我们以上文提到的试题为例，先看剑7, Test4, Section4, Q35-Q36: Glutamate is found in foods that contain protein such as 35 and 36 .
原文：Glutamate is an amino acid that can be found naturally in all protein-containing foods, erm, so this includes food such as meat and cheese.
根据题目的已知信息可以预判空格应该填写表示食物的名词。当听到题目中的关键词protein后，接着听到了用and连接的并列结构meat and cheese, 故不难定位答案。
再看剑5, Test2, Section3, Q25-Q26:
- learning about 25 - compromising - 26 people who have different views
原文：Yes, well firstly, I learned how to use a video camera. And also, I think I really learned a lot about working together with other people. I’ve never done anything with a group before, and we had to find ways of cooperating, erm, and compromising, and sometimes persuading people, when they don’t agree with you.
根据题目的已知信息可以预判Q25应该填写名词或者动名词，根据并列结构可以判断Q26应该填动名词。当听到题目中的关键词video camera后，听到了并列词And also…及关键信息working together with other people。然后听到了并列信号词and, 之后听到了cooperating, 并且接着音频中说到了一个并列信号词and及关键词compromising, 所以可以确定答案就是cooperating。同时，听到音频中说完and compromising, 接着听到了一个并列信号词and及其后紧随的动名词persuading及关键词people, 关键信息who have different views对应的同义句when they don’t agree with you, 所以不难定位答案就是persuading。
后一起来看剑8, Test1, Section4, Q39: b) aerial photos - can show vegetation problems, 39 density, ocean floor etc. 原文：We can also use aerial photographs … pictures taken by cameras at high altitude above the earth … You can easily illustrate areas of diseased trees or how much traffic is on the roads at a given time or information about deep sea beds, for example.
根据题目的已知信息及两个逗号可以预判Q39应该填写名词。当听到题目中的关键词aerial photographs后，音频中讲了一堆信息，然后听到了题目中的关键词vegetation problems的同义词diseased trees, 接着听到了并列词or, 之后听到了traffic, 然后又听到了并列词or及题目中的关键词ocean floor的同义词deep sea beds, 所以可以判断答案是traffic。
二、选择题中的并列结构
选择题中的并列结构指的是当选项或选项中的单词在音频中以并列的形式出现，则可以通过排除法选出正确答案。
如剑4, Test3, Section2, Q14： Where does Circus Romano perform? A. in a theatre B. in a tent C. in a stadium 原文：The first is the Circus Romano from Italy. As this is a travelling circus, it follows a long tradition by performing in a marquee - which is really like a canvas portable building, usually put up in a green space or car park, rather than in a theatre or stadium.
当听到题目中的关键词Circus Romano后，听到了performing in a marquee, 但是如果不能理解marquee的意思，则无法做出选择。继续往后听， 后听到了rather than in a theatre or stadium, 根据theatre or stadium这个并列结构，可排除并列选项A和C, 从而轻松地选出正确答案B。
再如剑8, Test1, Section2, Q16-18: Which three things can students have with them in the museum? A. food B. water C. camera D. books E. bags F. pens G. worksheets
原文：When the students come into the museum foyer we ask them to check in their backpacks with their books, lunch boxes, etc at the cloakroom before they enter the museum proper. … But we do provide school students with handouts with questions and quizzes on them. … Of course they’ll need to bring something to write with for these. We do allow students to take photographs. … And finally they, they should not bring anything to eat into the museum, or drinks of any kind.
录音刚播放不久便听到DE选项，但是如果听不懂整句话的意思，则无法在此做出判断。继续往下听，音频中接着提到了handouts, 如果没有听到这个单词或是听到了但不理解该词的意思，则也无法在此做出判断。然后再往下听，听到了something to write with, 这时可以轻松对应正确选项F。继续听，马上听到We do allow students to take photographs,同样能够轻松对应正确选项C。音频的 后提到they should not bring anything to eat into the museum, or drinks of any kind, 故排除AB选项。通过上述分析，我们能够判断出CF是正确答案，但是还有一个答案无法确定。这个时候便可发挥并列结构的作用，因为DE在音频中是并列关系，又因为AB是错误的，则只剩下选项G。所以， 终的正确答案是CFG。
后看剑8, Test2, Section2, Q17: The rare breed animals kept in the park include A. hens and horses B. goats and cows C. goats and hens
原文：We keep goats, sheep and hens and other kinds of poultry. We are also thinking of bringing in cows and horses but we do not, as yet, have facilities for these bigger animals.
根据音频中提到的goats, sheep and hens这个并列结构，我们可以判断出C. goats and hens是正确答案。同时根据音频中提到的cows and horses这个并列结构，也可以排除A和B这两个错误选项。
以上是朗阁海外考试研究中心的为考生们总结的并列结构在雅思听力解题中的应用，希望对考生们有所帮助。
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