步:学习“关联词” 1. 何谓“关联词” “关联词”是指一些能够指明句与句之间逻辑关系的词。有些关联词可以连接从句与主句,有些关联词可以连接独立的两个句子。 2. 学习“关联词”的方法 对于“关联词”的学习,南京朗阁建议考生按照其表示的逻辑关系来分类学习,具体逻辑关系如下: ①表示举例 a case in point, after all, as an proof, as an illustration, as an example, for example, for instance, in particular, just as, namely, specifically, to illustrate, to demonstrate ②表示增补 additionally, along with, also, as well as, besides, equally, even, furthermore, in addition, just as, moreover, not only…but also…, what‘s more ③表示强调 above all, as a matter of fact, indeed, in fact, most important, obviously, to be sure, truly, undoubtedly, without doubt ④表示比较 by comparison, equally, equally important, in comparison, in the same way, in the same manner, likewise, similarly ⑤表示让步 admittedly, after all, all the same, although, even so, in spite of, nevertheless ⑥表示结果 accordingly, as a result, consequently, for this reason, hence, in this way, so, therefore, thus. ⑦表示转折 although, but, despite, except for, though, however, in spite of, instead, nevertheless, on the other hand, otherwise, rather than, though, yet. ⑧表示结论 as has been noted(mentioned, stated), at last, finally, in a word, all in all, in brief, in conclusion, in short, in sum, in summary, to conclude, to sum up , to summarize. 3. 学习“关联词”的作用 ①增强表达的地道性 英文是显性的语言,它完全不同于隐性的中文。因为英文中的逻辑几乎都是跃然纸上的,显露在外的。然而,中文几乎不要求逻辑,是隐晦的。所以,朗阁海外考试研究中心建议考生在英文写作词汇的学习中,首先要积累的就是英文中能够直接说明句与句之间逻辑的关联词,同时摒弃中文表达不强调逻辑的习惯。 ②增强论证的流畅度 议论文中 难写的部分往往是支持句。很多考生把作文架子搭起来之后,就一筹莫展了。而熟练使用关联词是很好的解决问题的方法。因为支持句实际上,就是通过一些论证方法将其表达出来,而常见的论证方法有举例论证、因果论证、对比论证等。那就不难发现,熟练使用“关联词”可以帮助考生好的扩展支持句,做到文章有理有据而且流畅清晰。
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