|
雅思大作文段落扩展有很多方法，比如列举法、举例法、对比法、因果法、让步法、定义法、类比法等，但是在实际运用的时候很多考生的局限性很强，从而限制了分数的进一步提高。接下来将会系统地总结目前雅思大作文主体段的主要扩展方式及各自的侧重点： 一、举例法 举例法主要用于通过摆事实引用数据等对论点加以说明，从而增加论证的说服力，同时也是增加段落字数的一种简单的方法。目前的大作文若一个例子都不举的话是很难得到的，而且单纯的说理会使得文章显得很“空”，举例子既是一种知识面的展示，是写作功底的体现。我们在使用举例法时常用的连接词有：for example, for instance, such as, namely, take something for example, etc, 有时候我们还可以用一些句子来拖例子，比如This is true given the example of … ; 还能用一些副词来接续后面的例子，比如indeed, today, nowadays…等。但是目前比较主流的举例子是用宾语从句引导，比如A recent survey shows that…。以下我们来剖析一下举例法的实际应用。 1. Secondly, air transport is the biggest environment killer. A recent survey conducted by Chicago University shows that the plane air pollution is at least three times as the vehicle. With the increase of greenhouse effect, shouldn’t we improve our environment protection concept? 2. Firstly, the traffic jam caused by the increasing number of cars is a nightmare for all drivers. A recent survey reveals that Beijing citizens spend averagely about 65 minutes on road every day. Billions of dollars are being wasted on the road in many big cities all over the world, such as London, New York, Paris and Tokyo, but we could do nothing to change it till now. 在这2个主体段的片段中，作者用宾语从句来引导例子，尤其在个例子中他还增加了调查问卷的来源，从而增加了一定的权威性和学术性。我们一般可以用一些高等学府，或者科研机构或权威杂志来作为这些研究调查问卷的来源。类似的用法我们还可以来看以下的例子： The Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution says bits of the country, notably southeast England, are under pressure on waste and water use. But simply aiming to reduce population size will have little impact, it says. This is the final report from the 40-year-old commission, which is being abolished under spending cuts. It is two-year investigation looked at issues such as water supplies, waste, urban pollution and wildlife. The report, Demographic Change and the Environment, concludes that increasing consumption, the concentration of population in areas that are ill-equipped to supply its needs, and the trend towards single-person households - which increases energy demand - all matter more than the simple size of the UK's population. 3. This is sometimes true given the examples of many gifted athletes who failed to win the finals, such as the football team of the Netherlands which was always regarded as the expected winner of the World Cup but often disappointed the world in the end. Lack team spirit and cohesion lead to the frequent failure of their games. 在这个段落中，我们使用的这个主系表结构引导举例，这个句子的使用规则是将表语作为先行词，然后引导一个定语从句。 4. However, there are significant social, economic, and environmental drawbacks gained by purchasing imported food products. Examples of proposed environmental downsides include increased packaging, increased impact of transportation, higher livestock densities, etc. 在这个段落中，我们使用的举例子结构是前一个结构的“缩写”形式，直接引导一个主谓宾的简单句，对于快速成文也是很有帮助的。 5. In many places, cultural traditions are destroyed because they are being commercialized for profits. For example, the moment a tourist sets foot on a place of attraction, he is always first welcomed by a crowd of peddlers selling souvenirs that are always fake and overpriced. 6. Furthermore, mass tourism is inevitably damaging the local environment. Take ` wild tourism` as an example, it has resulted in such many serious problems as rivers or lakes being polluted, trees being cut down and animals lost their habitats and went extinct, etc. 一般我们在使用举例法的时候，都是用主谓宾或者主系表的简单句作为基本的引导句型，然后根据后续是否还可以导出一个结论，灵活搭配定语从句或者是分词结构来扩展。 (责任编辑：admin) |
