求围观！GMAT阅读必考题型

GMAT阅读常识介绍

　　GMAT阅读在实战中共有两长两短四篇文章，阅读题目14道左右，虽然所占比重不是很大，但对考生的总分数有重要影响，因此，考生一定要严肃对待。考生要对GMAT阅读的考点和技巧非常熟悉，否则，想要在规定时间内顺利完成所有题目是相当困难的。

　　GMAT阅读理解的文章题材和题目类型是固定的，因此，利用题型特点来解题是很好的方法，但前提是考生必须对GMAT阅读必考题型非常熟悉。将GMAT阅读分为七大题型，主旨大意题(main idea)、细节信息题(supporting ideas)、推理题(inference)、类比应用题(Applying information to a context outside the passage itself)、逻辑结构题(logic structure)、态度题(about the style and tone)和风格语调题。考生了解了这些必考题型，接下来要做的就是掌握每种题型对应的解题方法，这对于提升阅读分数非常重要。

　　GMAT阅读必考题型分析

　　GMAT阅读题型种类虽然多，但各种题型之间并不是孤立的，只要仔细阅读GMAT指南就会发现，对于这几种必考题型有一个比较详细的分类和讲解。

　　1)主旨大意题、细节信息题、推理题都是在考察考生对细节信息的定位和把握，要求考生能够提取有效信息并主动查找信息来源判断选项正误，然后得出正确答案。

　　2)类比应用题、逻辑结构题、态度题和风格语调题考察的是考生的归纳概括能力，这几种题型基本上在题干中已经给出了“强行定位”，需要考生在阅读完定位的内容后有一定的概括能力，从整体上对文章内容进行把握，然后再做题。

　　3)并且，GMAT阅读各个题型的出题的思路存在一定的连带关系。比如说细节题和推理题：

　　a. 细节题出题思路：facts cited in a passage (直接引用原文).

　　b. 推理题出题思路：recognize an alternative interpretation of a statement made by the author (识别作者原文中的同意转述) 。

　　由出题思路可以看出，推理题和细节题的出题思路和和解题方法存在极大相似处。

　　举例分析

　　Among the myths taken as fact by the environmental managers of most corporations is the belief that environmental regulations affect all competitors in a given industry uniformly. In reality, regulatory costs - and therefore compliance - fall unevenly, economically disadvantaging some companies and benefiting others. For example, a plant situated near a number of larger noncompliant competitors is less likely to attract the attention of local regulators than is an isolated plant, and less attention means lower costs. Additionally, large plants can spread compliance costs such as waste treatment across a larger revenue base; on the other hand, some smaller plants may not even be subject to certain provisions such as permit or reporting requirements by virtue of their size. Finally, older production technologies often continue to generate toxic wastes that were not regulated when the technology was first adopted. New regulations have imposed extensive compliance costs on companies still using older industrial coal-fired burners that generate high sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide outputs, for example, whereas new facilities generally avoid processes that would create such waste products. By realizing that they have discretion and that not all industries are affected equally by environmental regulation, environmental managers can help their companies to achieve a competitive edge by anticipating regulatory pressure and exploring all possibilities for addressing how changing regulations will affect their companies specifically.(OG13新增阅读第5篇)

　　习题解析

　　1. lt can be inferred from the passage that a large plant might have to spend more than a similar but smaller plant on environmental compliance because the larger plant is

　　(A) More likely to attract attention from local regulators

　　(B) Less likely to be exempt from permit and reporting requirements

　　(C) Less likely to have regulatory costs passed on to it by companies that supply its raw materials

　　(D) More likely to employ older production technologies

　　(E) More likely to generate wastes that are more environmentally damaging than those generated by smaller plants

　　答案：B

　　题目释义：

　　考点：细节题目--推断(Inference)

　　选项分析：文章定位Additionally, large plants can spread compliance costs such as waste treatment across a larger revenue base; on the other hand, some smaller plants may not even be subject to certain provisions such as permit or reporting requirements by virtue of their size.

　　(A) 文章在讨论是否会引起regulator的注意的时候只是将isolated和small的plants 进行了对比，文章没有说plants的规模是否是引起regulator注意的关键因素，错误。

　　(B) Correct.根据文章，有些permit或者要求不适用于smaller的工厂，这就表明larger的工厂相对于smaller的工厂可能规避这些要求，也就是说大的plants会在environmental compliance costs(税务执行费用)上花费多。

　　(C) 文章没有讨论从供应商到工厂这个过程中的regulatory costs，错误。

　　(D) 文章没有说大的工厂比小的工厂倾向于使用老的生产技术，错误。

　　(E) 文章没有区分大工厂和小工厂排放的废物之间的不同，错误。