2018年10月13日雅思考试回顾

　　2018年10月13日雅思考试回顾

　　听力部分

　　场景话题：

　　S1 兼职工作/ S2 健身中心介绍 / S3 房产指数调研讨论/ S4 戏剧对儿童的影响

　　题型设置：

　　S1填空/ S2地图+多选 / S3单选+搭配 / S4 填空

　　朗阁名师周娟娟点评

　　本次考试场景为三旧一新，难度中等。

　　易错词：本场考试单词拼写不难。比如: agency, campsite，confidence，therapy，morality, participation等均可以在听力高频场景词汇中找到。但是填空题仍然要注意单词格式、单复数、大小写等问题。9月和10月听力考试难度不大，但是接下来的几场考试仍然不能掉以轻心，难度可能会有提升，尤其注意S4的单词拼写。选择与填空题比例仍为20:20，题型比较常规化：多选，单选，配对;地图题暂保持一月一次的考题频率。

　　参考剑桥练习：剑9Test2S2，剑8Test4Section1，剑10Test3S3

　　备注：在接下来的备考中，选择题(尤其是单选和配对)仍然是重中之重，同时加强多留意多选题的练习!考生们可以选取剑桥真题的类似组合着重训练，记得多总结以及同义替换的积累!在练习听力的过程中，注意适当提高语速。

　　考试预测

　　1. 场景方面：场景方面依旧是主流场景(咨询、旅游、课程讨论、讲座)，在接下来的考试中，考生还应将重点放在S1咨询，面试，S2旅游，活动及公共场所设施介绍，S3课程讨论及论文写作，S4科技，环境，历史，学术等各类学术讲座。

　　2. 机经：如需参考机经，以2012-2016年机经为主。

　　口语部分

　　Part1题目汇总(加粗题为高频题)

　　Study/WorkHometown

　　CitiesHome/Accommodation

　　HolidayShoes

　　WeatherCooking

　　SportsPlants

　　Rainy DaysForeign Food

　　ColoursMaps

　　ParkSunglasses

　　MoviesDrink Water

　　PaintingsMorning routines

　　Save MoneyTransportation

　　Being BoredLetters

　　WatchGift

　　PhotosName

　　Part2题目汇总(加粗题为高频题)

　　人物类：

　　Describe a talkative person you know

　　Describe a childhood friend of yours

　　Describe someone that you haven’t met but want to know more about

　　Describe a teenager you know

　　Describe a person you know who helps protect the environment

　　Describe a famous comic actor in your country

　　Describe an interesting animal you like

　　地点类：

　　Describe a beautiful city

　　Describe a city far from you that you want to travel to

　　Describe a country or city that you would like to live or work

　　Describe a building you like

　　Describe a place where you study

　　Describe a quiet place you found

　　物品类：

　　Describe a song that is meaningful to you

　　Describe a language you want to learn (except English)

　　Describe a good law in your country

　　Describe a book you read recently

　　Describe an important plant in your country

　　Describe a movie or TV program that made you laugh

　　Describe a game you liked when you were a child

　　Describe a useful website you like to visit

　　Describe an advertisement you have seen recently

　　Describe the time when you received your first mobile phone

　　Describe a magazine you like to read

　　Describe a piece of clothing you wear on special occasions

　　Describe a useful skill you learned in a math class from your primary/high school

　　事件类：

　　Describe a happy experience you had recently

　　Describe a party you enjoyed

　　Describe a trip that you plan to go on in the near future

　　Describe a time when someone gave you something you really want/need

　　Describe a time you borrowed something from your family or friends

　　Describe a time someone gave money as a gift to you

　　Describe something of yours that you want to replace

　　Describe a time that a piece of equipment of yours that was broken

　　Describe a time when you made a complaint and were satisfied with the result

　　Describe something you made for others

　　Describe an activity you like to do when you’re alone

　　Describe a skill that takes you a long time to learn

　　Describe a time you looked for information from the internet

　　Describe a family business you know

　　Describe something you do that helps you concentrate on your work or study.

　　Describe something interesting that your friend has done but you haven’t done

　　Describe an interesting job you would like to do in the future

　　Describe someone who is very professional

　　Describe a time that you were shopping in a street market

　　Describe a trip you took by public transport.

　　Describe a time you lost something important.

　　Describe a time you had to change your plan

　　Describe a sport you watched and would like to try.

　　Describe a competition you would like to take part in.

　　Describe an interesting talk or lecture

　　Describe a time when you helped someone at work or study

　　Describe an important decision you made with the help of other people

　　朗阁名师王嘉郁点评

　　Part 1:

　　本场考试Part1题库稳定，除了高频的常规题(study, accommodation, hometown)外，其余考题多集中在生活类(如Holidays, Shoes, Weather)需要大家联系世家生活经验作答。考试时建议先先给direct answer，再根据题目核心意思适当扩展丰富

　　Part2：

　　Part2中事件类和物品类仍占主流，备考时注意合并话题(如通过baking把activity you like to do when you’re alone、a skill that takes a long time to learn、something interesting that your friend has done、interesting job合并串联)。答题时要点出关键词，避免生硬合并。

　　考试建议

　　Part1考察考生的日常对话能力，3-5句话作答即可。Part2考察叙述能力，要求描述充分、用语准确、逻辑清晰。作为Part2话题延伸的Part3则主要考察论述能力，做到论证合理即可，可结合个人经验作答。

　　阅读部分

　　P1 Selling model 销售模式

　　P2 Pollution in the Bay 海湾污染 (20160519旧题重现)

　　P3 Elephant communication 大象交流(20161109旧题重现)

　　朗阁教师冯昳点评

　　1. 本次考试整体程度中等偏低。

　　2. 整体分析：涉及商业(P1)环境(P2)和动物类(P3)

　　3. 主要题型：这一场考试在题型上仍然延续了今年考试的重点，主流基础题型依然为填空类和判断题。其中，填空类高达17题，且都是考生熟悉的句子填空和Summary题型，总体来说难度偏低。此外，判断题则保持近期一贯两组10题左右出题风格，为 P1—T/F/NG(7道)及P2—T/F/NG(5道)。同时，阅读第二篇文章延续了今年大热的乱序匹配题，在 P2中已经出现了8道，P3中出现了3道，这无疑增加了考试的难度，而幸运的是比较热门的Heading题没有出现，同时由于第二篇和第三篇为旧题重现，且第三篇考察点并不难。综合以上因素，总体来说，这次考试的难度中等偏低。

　　P1 Selling model (原文待补充)

　　文章主旨：新销售模式的研究方法以及买卖者之间的关系

　　判断6 + 填空7

　　参考答案：仅供参考

　　判断 1-6

　　1.待补充

　　2.待补充

　　3.待补充

　　4.待补充

　　5.待补充

　　6.待补充

　　填空 7-13

　　7.待补充

　　8.待补充

　　9.待补充

　　10.待补充

　　11.待补充

　　12.待补充

　　13.待补充

　　P2 Going with flow-Florida bay’s ecological problems

　　文章主旨: 佛罗里达海湾的污染以及对环境原因的研究和应对措施

　　配对题 8(段落信息匹配+人名观点匹配)+判断5

　　参考答案: 仅供参考

　　段落信息匹配题 14-17

　　14.E

　　15.C

　　16.H

　　17.B

　　人名观点匹配题 18-21

　　18.C

　　19.B

　　20.B

　　21.A

　　判断题 22-26

　　22.F

　　23.NG

　　24.F

　　25.T

　　26.T

　　参考原文：

　　Pouring water into the sea sounds harmless enough. But in Florida Bay, alarge and shallow section of the Gulf of Mexico that lies between the southern end of the Everglades and the Florida Keys, it is proving highly controversial. That is because researchers are divided over whether it will help or hinder the plants and animals that live in the bay.

　　What is at risk is the future of the bay’s extensive beds of sea grasses. These grow on the bay’s muddy floor and act as nurseries for the larvae of shrimps, lobsters and fish—many of them important sport and commercializing species. Also in danger is an impressive range of coral reefs that run the length of the Florida Keys and form the third-largest barrier reef in the world. Since the 1980s, coral cover has dropped by 40%, and a third of the coral species have gone. This has had a damaging effect on the animals that depend on the reef, such as crabs, turtles and nearly 600 species of fish.

　　What is causing such ecological change is a matter of much debate. And the answer is of no small consequence. This is because the American government is planning to devote $8 billion over the next 30 years to revitalizing the Everglades. Seasonal freshwater flows into the Everglades are to be restored in order to improve the region’s health. But they will then run off into the bay.

　　Joseph Zieman, a marine ecologist at the University of Virginia, thinks this is a good idea. He believes that a lack of freshwater in the bay is its main problem. The blame, he says, lies with a century of drainage in the Everglades aimed at turning the marshes into farmland and areas for development. This has caused the flow of freshwater into Florida Bay to dwindle, making the water in the bay, overall, more saline. This, he argues, kills the sea grasses, and as these rot, nutrients are released that feed the microscopic plants and animals that live in the water. This, he says, is why the bay’s once crystal-clear waters often resemble a pea soup. And in a vicious circle, these turbid blooms block out sunlight, causing more sea grasses to die and yet more turbidity.

　　Brian Lapointe, a marine scientist at the Harbour Branch Oceanographic Institution at Fort Pierce in Florida, disagrees. He thinks sea grasses can tolerate much higher levels of salinity than the bay actually displays. Furthermore, he notes that, when freshwater flows through the Everglades were increased experimentally in the 1990s, it led to massive plankton blooms. Freshwater running off from well-fertilised farmlands, he says, caused a fivefold rise in nitrogen levels in the bay. This was like pouring fuel on a fire. The result was mass mortality of sea grasses because of increased turbidity from the plankton. Dr.Lapointe adds that, because corals thrive only in waters where nutrient levels are low, restoring freshwater rich in nitrogen will do more damage to the reef.

　　It is a plausible theory. The water flowing off crops that are grown on the750, 000 acres of heavily fertilised farmland on the northern edge of the Everglades is rich in nitrogen, half of which ends up in the bay. But Bill Kruczynski, of America’s Environmental Protection Agency, is convinced that nitrogen from farmlands is not the chief problem. Some coral reefs well away from any nitrogen pollution are dying and, curiously, a few are thriving. Dr. Kruczynski thinks that increased nutrients arriving from local sewage discharges from the thousands of cesspits along the Florida Keys are part of the problem.

　　Suchclaims and counterclaims make the impact of the restoration plan difficult to predict. If increased salinity is the main problem, the bay’s ecology will benefit from the Everglades restoration project. If, however, nitrogen is the problem, increasing the flow of freshwater could mate matters much worse.

　　If this second hypothesis proves correct, the cure is to remove nitrogen from farmland or sewage discharges，or perhaps both. Neither will be easy. Man-made wetlands, at present being built to reduce phosphate run off into the bay—also from fertilisers—would need an algal culture (a sort of contained algal bloom) added to them to deal with discharges from farmlands. That would be costly. So too would be the replacement of cesspits with proper sewerage—one estimate puts the cost at $650m. Either way, it is clear that when, on December 1st, 3,000 square miles of sea around the reef are designated as a “protective zone” by the deputy secretary of commerce, Sam Bodman, this will do nothing to protect the reef from pollution.

　　Some argue, though, that there is a more fundamental flaw in the plans for the bay: the very idea of returning it to a Utopian ideal before man wrought his damage. Nobody knows what Florida Bay was like before the 1950s, when engineers cut the largest canals in the Everglades and took most of the water away. Dr. Kruczynski suspects it was more like an estuary. The bay that many people wish to re-create could have been nothing more than a changing phase in the bay’s history.

　　These arguments do not merely threaten to create ecological problems but economic ones as well. The economy of the Florida Keys depends on tourism—the local tourist industry has an annual turnover of $2.5 billion. People come for fishing-boat trips, for manatee watching, or for scuba diving and snorkeling to view the exotically coloured corals. If the plan to restore the Everglades makes problems in the bay and the reef worse, it could prove a very expensive mistake.

　　P3 Elephant communication

　　文章主旨: 研究大象相互沟通的方式

　　图表填空4 + Summary 6 + 段落信息配对3 + 选择2

　　参考答案: 仅供参考

　　图表填空题 27-30

　　27.hammer

　　28.boy

　　29.pads

　　30.sinus cavityes

　　Summary 31-35

　　31.farmers

　　32.trunks

　　33.earth

　　34.insect

　　35.acoustic

　　段落信息配对题 36-38

　　36.H

　　37.E

　　38.G

　　选择题 39-40

　　39.B

　　40.A

　　参考原文：

　　A postdoctoral fellow at Stanford University, O’Connell-Rodwell has come to Namibia’s premiere wildlife sanctuary to explore the mysterious and complex world of elephant communication. She and her colleagues are part of a scientific revolution that began nearly two decades ago with the stunning revelation that elephants communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds, also called infrasounds，that are too deep to be heard by most humans.

　　As might be expected, the African elephant’s ability to sense seismic sound may begin in the ears. The hammer bone of the elephant’s inner ear is proportionally very large for a mammal, but typical for animals that use vibrational signals. It may therefore be a sign that elephants can communicate with seismic sounds. Also, the elephant and its relative the manatee are unique among mammals in having reverted to a reptilian-like cochlear structure in the inner ear. The cochlea of reptiles facilitates a keen sensitivity to vibrations and may do the same in elephants.

　　But other aspects of elephant anatomy also support that ability. First, their enormous bodies, which allow them to generate low-frequency sounds almost as powerful as those of a jet takeoff, provide ideal frames for receiving ground vibrations and conducting them to the inner ear. Second, the elephant’s toe bones rest on a fatty pad that might help focus vibrations from the ground into the bone. Finally, the elephant’s enormous brain lies in the cranial cavity behind the eyes in line with the auditory canal. The front of the skull is riddled with sinus cavities that may function as resonating chambers for vibrations from the ground.

　　How the elephants sense these vibrations is still unknown, but O’Connell- Rodwell who just earned a graduate degree in entomology at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, suspects the pachyderms are “listening” with their trunks and feet. The trunk may be the most versatile appendage in nature. Its uses include drinking, bathing, smelling, feeding and scratching. Both trunk and feet contain two kinds of pressure-sensitive nerve endings— one that detects infrasonic vibrations and another that responds to vibrations with slightly higher frequencies. For O’Connell-Rodwell, the future of the research is boundless and unpredictable: “Our work is really at the interface of geophysics, neurophysiology and ecology,” she says. “We’re asking questions that no one has really dealt with before.”

　　Scientists have long known that seismic communication is common in small animals, including spiders, scorpions，insects and a number of vertebrate species such as white-lipped frogs, blind mole rats， kangaroo rats and golden moles. They also have found evidence of seismic sensitivity in elephant seals— 2-ton marine mammals that are not related to elephants. But O’ Connell-Rod well was the first to suggest that a large land animal also is sending and receiving seismic messages. O’ Connell-Rod well noticed something about the freezing behavior of Etosha’s six-ton bulls that reminded her of the tiny insects back in her lab. “I did my masters thesis on seismic communication in planthoppers,” she says‘. I’d put a male planthopper on a stem and play back a female call, and the male would do the same thing the elephants were doing: He would freeze, then press down on his legs, go forward a little bit, then freeze again. It was just so fascinating to me, and it’s what got me to think, maybe there’s something else going on other than acoustic communication.”

　　Scientists have determined that an elephant’s ability to communicate over long distances is essential for its survival, particularly in a place like Etosha, where more than 2,400 savanna elephants range over an area larger than New Jersey. The difficulty of finding a mate in this vast wilderness is compounded by elephant reproductive biology. Females breed only when in estrus — a period of sexual arousal that occurs every two years and lasts just a few days. “Females in estrus make these very low, long calls that bulls home in on, because it’s such a rare event/’ O’Connell-Rodwell says. These powerful estrus calls carry more than two miles in the air and may be accompanied by long-distance seismic signals, she adds. Breeding herds also use low-frequency vocalizations to warn of predators. Adult bulls and cows have no enemies, except for humans, but young elephants are susceptible to attacks by lions and hyenas. When a predator appears, older members of the herd emit intense warning calls that prompt the rest of the herd to clump togetherfor protection, then flee. In 1994, O’Connell-Rodwell recorded the dramatic cries of a breeding herd threatened by lions at Mushara. “The elephants got really scared, and the matriarch made these very powerful warning calls, and then the herd took off screaming and trumpeting,” she recalls. “Since then, every time we’ve played that particular call at the water hole, we get the same response — the elephants take off.”

　　Reacting to a warning call played in the air is one thing, but could the elephants detect calls transmitted only through the ground? To find out, the research team in 2002 devised an experiment using electronic equipment that allowed them to send signals through the ground at Mushara. The results of our 2002 study showed us that elephants do indeed detect warning calls played through the ground,” O’ Connell-Rodwell observes. “We expected them to clump up into tight groups and leave the area, and that’s in fact what they did. But since we only played back one type of call, we couldn’t really say whether they were interpreting it correctly. Maybe they thought it was a vehicle or something strange instead of a predator warning.

　　An experiment last year was designed to solve that problem by using three different recordings— the 1994 warning call from Mushara, an anti-predator call recorded by scientist Joyce Poole in Kenya and an artificial warble tone. Although still analyzing data from this experiment, O’Connell-Rodwell is able to make a few preliminary observations: “The data I’ve seen so far suggest that the elephants were responding like I had expected. When the 94 warning call was played back, they tended to clump together and leave the water hole sooner. But what’s really interesting is that the unfamiliar anti-predator call from Kenya also caused them to clump up, get nervous and aggressively rumble— but they didn’t necessarily leave. I didn’t think it was going to be that clear cut.”

　　考试预测

　　1. 本场考试难度中等偏低，文章选材涉及商业、环境及动物类，考生可在备考时关注相应高频主题词。

　　2. 此次考试中，三篇文章两旧一新。第二篇和第三篇分别是为20160519，20161109的旧题重现。考生复习备考时可借机经熟悉雅思阅读真题文章行文思路和逻辑，辅助深化理解。

　　3. 从题型方面来看，P1中为两种顺序型组合填空加判断类，P2中段落信息和人名观点配对搭配顺序型及P3中的判断，P3中是匹配和选择题搭配填空和判断。从整体的题型来看，10月两场考试的题型皆为常规经典。针对次考生利用剑桥真题和机经复习和巩固常规题型。另外就本次考试难易度来看，考生反映有点偏难，主要是对第二篇文章的匹配题用时过长，导致第三篇比较简单的题目没有时间。因此建议考生在平时做题训练时应该加强对套题题型先后顺序的训练，同时加强对每一题型做题方法训练，提升阅读速度，加强对考点的把握，并且平时刷题练习时一定要注意时间的把握控制以适应考试时的紧张感。

　　4. 下场考试的话题可能有关历史人文和科技类话题。

　　5. 重点浏览14-16年机经。

　　写作部分

　　小作文：地图

　　大作文：In many countries women are allowed to take maternity leave from their jobs during the first month after the birth of their baby. Do advantages outweigh disadvantages?

　　朗阁冯婵娟点评：

　　1. 本次考试Task 1是地图，展现了办公大楼的现状与未来的规划。

　　2.Task 2题型开始改变，这次是利弊型，考察女性在生完小孩第一个月期间就可以休产假的利弊，总体难度中等。

　　3.整体分析：

　　Task 1： 地图。注意这种过去和未来的对比图，需要对比两图的相同和不同之处，重点在于描述差异。主要的差异包括图中区域从无到有，从有到无，从大到小，从小到大;当然还有位置的变化。难度中等，此题为2016年1月30号的原题。并且与高分范文第八版125页的地图题相似度非常高。

　　注意点：1.注意时态(现在时和将来时);2.注意多用同义表达;3.平时小作文图表型、流程图和地图都要练习，不要抱有侥幸心理。

　　相关表达：

　　A is located…/A lies in/on

　　…..two grasslands are located in the south and west of building…两片草地坐落于大楼南边和西边

　　A靠近或紧挨着B

　　A is next to B

　　A is close to B

　　A is adjacent to B

　　A is turned into B

　　A is replaced by B

　　Task 2: 社会类(女性权益)

　　题目翻译：在许多国家，女性在生完宝宝后的第一个月期间就可以休产假。你认为利大于弊吗?

　　题目解析：

　　今天的作文题是利弊题型，考察的是女性权益。此题是雅思16年2月27号的旧题。做题时首先注意审题，关键词是休产假和生完宝宝后第一个月期间(平时应将积累常用词汇作为学习英语的基本功，才能泰然应对各个话题)。 这里的时间限制要注意，第一个月意味着宝宝还很脆弱嗷嗷待哺，新妈妈身体可能也没有完全恢复;同时第一个月开始休产假，那么产假的时间对于公司来说会不会太长?会不会影响妈妈们的职业生涯?

　　利弊型题目虽说可以选择任何立场，但是在考场上，尽量选择容易论证的角度。这道题相对来说，偏向优势更多会更好写一点，下面给大家提供一些思路，以供参考：

　　一、开头段观点：虽然我认为休产假有一定的缺点，但我认为优势更多。While I believe that there are some disadvantages for new mothers being on maternity leave during the first month after the baby birth, I consider that the advantages for their doing this far exceed these drawbacks.

　　二、中间主体段落：

　　(一)让步段：可以先写一个让步段，说一下坏处(下面展示2个坏处，大家也可以根据自己的思路进行论证)，反驳之后，然后再来写好处。

　　Admittedly, there are some drawbacks of taking maternity leave when fierce competition in workplace challenges these exhausted mothers.

　　1.长期休假可能会让妈妈们失业。(Long vacation may cause unemployment. 例如，很多公司不愿意继续雇佣休长假的女员工，认为她们拿着工资却没有为公司创造价值。)

　　2.由于职场竞争激烈，长期休产假可能影响职业发展。(Long maternity leave tend to affect the career development negatively because of highly competitive workplace. 例如，休长假后，妈妈们再来适应工作有点困难，之前的职场技能可能需要重新打磨。因此，长期休长假可能影响女性的升迁)

　　反驳：然而，作为一个成年人，选择身为人母应当是个深思熟虑的决定。如果选择以事业为重，可以等条件成熟后再决定生小孩。既然已经选择抚育一个小生命，那么需要肩负起母亲的责任，多为宝宝的成长考虑。

　　(二)好处

　　1. 有利于宝宝的健康成长。 (Taking maternity leave is beneficial to mental and physical well-being of the baby. ) 从精神健康考虑，心理学上刚出生的婴儿需要与母亲建立稳定的亲密关系。这种亲密关系需要母亲在与宝宝互动的时候及时回应，让宝宝逐渐培养安全感。从身体健康考虑，母乳喂养相对于食品安全问题频发的奶粉更为安全可靠。

　　2. 有利于女性产后恢复健康。(Having a paid leave for a long period restores women to health.) 宝宝刚出生容易日夜颠倒，经常哭闹，妈妈们容易睡眠不足。如果带娃与工作同时进行，女性身体会容易感到精疲力竭，甚至会容易产后抑郁，最终影响健康。

　　三、结尾

　　In conclusion, although taking maternity leave has some drawbacks for mothers, I claim that the benefits of this are greater because a baby’s growth and its mother’s health matter more than worldly success.

　　考试预测：

　　1.小作文：重点关注动态图(饼图、表格)、静态图(饼图、柱图为次重点，适当关注流程图)。

　　2.大作文：教育、社会类以及科技类仍然是关注的重点，同时环境和政府类是次重点。

　　3.重点浏览13年和15年的写作机经，可借助《高分范文书》第7和第8版经典旧题来复习话题思路，同时参考考官范文来复习结构和语言。

　　点击在线咨询或拨打电话025-83236520即可免费领取试听课、免费模考和200元优惠券，更有团报低至85折优惠!10月20日南京朗阁将开展剑桥雅思全真试题13解析发布会，现场到场即送580元模考一次，预约活动可活动剑13解析集一本，带朋友来咨询课程还有星巴克券送，报名更有优惠多多!